What Is a Knowledge Graph? It's Not the Same as a Vector Database
A knowledge graph is a way of organizing knowledge as a network of "entities" and the "relationships between them." Take a triple like "Zhang Wei — wo...
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What Is Knowledge Distillation? How Big Models Pass Their Craft to Small Ones
Knowledge Distillation is a technique for transferring a large model's "dark knowledge" to a small one: a bulky teacher model first generates referenc...
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What Is Model Pruning? Cutting Unimportant Connections While the Model Still Works
Model pruning gives a large model a haircut: find the weights that sit near zero and barely affect the output, delete them or zero them out, and the m...
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What Is Red Teaming? Attacking AI on Purpose, and How It Differs From Normal Testing
Red teaming means hiring people to think like attackers: they deliberately try to make an AI misbehave, say what it should refuse, or leak what it sho...
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What Is Prompt Caching? A Repeated Prefix Skips Recompute, Saving Money and Waiting
Prompt caching is a cost-saving mechanism in large-model APIs: when the same opening block keeps appearing across turns or requests, the provider comp...
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What Is Text Chunking? Too Small Misses Answers, Too Large Drifts Off Topic
Text chunking is the practice of cutting a long document into small pieces before storing it in a knowledge base: instead of feeding a whole book, con...
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What Is Time to First Token? Why the First Word Takes So Long
Time to first token, usually shortened to TTFT, is the wait between pressing send and the moment a model produces its first token. It shapes your firs...
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What Is Model Collapse? Why Training on Its Own Output Narrows a Model
Model collapse means that when a model is repeatedly trained on data generated by earlier models, its output distribution narrows round after round, u...
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